ABSTRACT
Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy on controlling the progression of myopia in children.Methods:Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrial.gov and the CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) were searched from their establishment to September 2022 to obtain the randomized controlled trial (RCT) about RLRL controlling myopia progression in children.Grey literature was also searched.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed according to the PICOS principle.Two researchers screened the literature independently, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies using the Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias.The data were imported into RevMan 5.4 software for meta-analysis.Mean and standard deviation of data were used to obtain mean differences and 95% confidence intervals of included studies.Changes in spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) were compared between before and after the intervention in RLRL and single-vision spectacle (experimental group) and single-vision spectacle (control group). The GRADE system was used to grade the quality of evidence for the outcome indicators.Results:A total of 157 studies were obtained.After the screening, 7 RCT studies including 1 038 study subjects met the inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis results showed that retarded SE progression was retarded and AL elongation was reduced significantly after different follow-up durations (1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months) in experimental group compared with control group.As the follow-up duration extended from 1 month to 24 months, the retard of SE progression increased from 0.14 to 0.93 D, and the reduction of AL increased from 0.07 to 0.48 mm.Both 635 and 650 nm red light significantly retarded SE progression and reduced AL elongation.The two outcome indicators, SE change and AL change were moderate-strength evidence by GRADE.Conclusions:The current moderate-strength evidence shows that RLRL can better retard myopia progression in children than single-vision spectacle glasses.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of tessellation fundus (TF) among Tianjin Medical University students with different refractive statuses.Methods:A cross-sectional study. From September to December 2019, 346 students from Tianjin Medical University were randomly selected and underwent slit-lamp examination, non-cycloplegic auto-refraction, subjective refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, ocular biometric measurement, and non-dilation fundus photography. The differences in the prevalence of TF in basic characteristics and ocular biometric parameters were compared. Based on the equivalent spherical (SE), refractive status was divided into the non-myopia group (SE>-0.50 D) and the myopia group (SE≤-0.50 D). The myopia group was further divided into mild myopia group (-3.00 D<SE≤-0.50 D), moderate myopia group (-6.00 D<SE≤-3.00 D), and high myopia group (SE≤-6.00 D). According to the axis length (AL), the subjects were divided into AL<24 mm group, 24-26 mm group, and >26 mm group. The logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting TF. Trend tests were performed for each risk factor and TF.Results:Of the 346 subjects, 324 (93.6%, 324/346) were myopia, of whom 73 (21.1%, 73/346), 167 (48.3%, 167/346), and 84 (24.3%, 84/346) were mild myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia, respectively; 22 (6.4%, 22/346) were non-myopia. There were 294 (85.0%, 294/346) students with TF in the macula, including 9 (40.91%, 9/22), 58 (79.45%, 58/73), 145 (86.83%, 145/167), and 82 (97.62%, 82/84) in non-myopia, low myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia group, respectively; 52 (15.0%, 52/346) students were without TF in the macula. There were statistically significant gender differences ( χ2=4.47), SE ( t=6.29), AL ( t=-8.29), anterior chamber depth ( Z=-2.62), lens thickness ( Z=-2.23), and average corneal radius ( Z=-3.58) between students with and without TF in the macula ( P<0.05). Spherical equivalent and axial length were independent risk factors for TF and its severity ( P≤0.001). With an increasing degree of myopia, and increasing axial length, the risk of TF increased ( P for trend<0.001). Conclusions:The prevalence of TF is 85.0% among Tianjin Medical University students. TF is detected in the fundus of no myopia, mild myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia. The degree of myopia is higher, the AL is longer, the possibility of TF is higher.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on expression of extra-cellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and neurological function in acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) rats so as to offer trial support for clinical application of HBO in TBI.Methods Twenty-four adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,TBI group and HBO treatment group,with eight rats per group.The sham-operation group was free from TBI but skull was opened only but the TBI group was subjected to TBI according to Alice method.TheHBO treatment group was treated with HBO for 10 days ( one time per day) after TBI operation.On day 14,NSS rating was performed in all rats.Then,the rats were sacrificed and cortex of which was obtained to measure the expression of ERK1/2 by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The localization of the expression of ERK was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the changes in ERK protein was analyzed by optical density.Results The NSS score in the HBO group was significantly decreased at day 14 after HBO treatment ( P ＜ 0.01 ) and the expression of ERK1/2 in HBO group was also significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05 ) in comparison with the TBI group.Conclusions HBO treatment can significantly decrease NSS score and expression of ERK1/2 in acute TBI rats,indicating that HBO may improve neurological function through down-regulating expression of ERK1/2.